Generalized porphyry copper model anatomy and alteration zoning anatomy of calcalkalic porphyry copper and related mineralization alteration zonation patterns in calcalkalic porphyry systems modified from. Request permission export citation add to favorites track citation. Copper flat is a laramide hydrothermal system located in the mexican highlands section of the basin and range physiographic province. Sillitoe 1983 describes the importance of recognising enargitebearing pyrite deposits containing gold and silver as being integral parts of the upper volcanic portions of porphyry copper systems. Notwithstanding the assertion that cartoons of this sort including fig. Lesage, mineral deposit research unit, the university of british columbia, vancouver, bc.
Vidal, editors first edition, 2004 printed by automated graphic systems, inc. See sillitoe, 2010, porphyry systems economicgeology, the best overview of porphyry deposits also his 2005 paper in the economic geology 100 th anniversary volume on supergenealtered porphyry. Testing the plagioclase discriminator on the georoc. Preliminary model of porphyry copper deposits usgs. They constitute exploration objectives for epithermal and porphyry type deposits. Porphyry copper and gold deposits are the dominant natural suppliers of these metals to our society, yet the large variations in metal endowments of porphyry cuau deposits remain obscure. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. After doing an extensive literature survey at the best university library i find these exploration methods.
This may result in destruction by erosion of existing epithermal au. The tops and bottoms of porphyry copper deposits r. Field based vectors used to explore for porphyry cuau deposits. See sillitoe, 2010, porphyry systems economicgeology.
Ag deposits and exposure of underlying porphyry systems, thereby underrepresenting porphyry copper deposits associated with young and flat slabs. Porphyry gold systems are not a very common type of gold deposit. Highsulphidation epithermal deposits may be sought within lithocaps, whereas lowsulphidation deposits may exist on their edges. The systems commonly define linear belts, some many. Thus, this paper explores the possibility that these spatially associated pyrophyllite occurrences are in fact the highlevel manifestation of a genetically linked porphyry system at depth. Examples from the highland valley copper district, guichon batholith, southcentral british columbia k. Figure 6 from porphyry copper systems semantic scholar. Suprasubduction zone setting for the formation of porphyry ore deposits.
Porphyry copper systems are mainly developed at convergent plate margins, including continental margin and islandarc settings sillitoe, 2010, where the subduction of oceanic crust is related to. The jebel ohier deposita newly discovered porphyry copper. In later stages, circulating meteoric fluids may interact with the magmatic. If you dont have a subscription, clicking will allow you to obtain payperview access. Duration of magmatichydrothermal systems that form porphyry copper deposits. Porphyry copper molybdenum and copper gold deposits are centred on shallowlevel porphyry intrusions. Agenda localisation of porphyry cuau deposits pcd factors that contribute to the high cuau grades in porphyry deposits and metal zonations stage model for the evolution of porphyry cuau deposits incorporating time. Porphyry and epithermal systems sciencedriven exploration successes richard sillitoe porphyry and epithermal deposits. Also evaluating the importance of regionalscale structures, sillitoe 1993. Pdf porphyry copper systems daniela olivares sedan. Generalized models of porphyry copper deposits anatomy.
Porphyry cu systems are initiated by injection of oxidized magma saturated with s and metalrich, aqueous fluids from cupolas on. Committee for coordination of joint prospecting for mineral resources in asian offshore areas ccop, ccop technical publication 14, 89 p. Deposits assigned to this group include a few porphyries in the chilean maricunga belt. The alteration and mineralization in porphyry cu systems, occupying many cubic kilometers of. The behavior of fe and s isotopes in porphyry copper. Geology of the josemaria porphyry coppergold deposit, argentina. Examples from chile, argentina, and elsewhere are used to aid in the substantiation of the model. Triggers for the formation of porphyry ore deposits in. Consequently, this descriptive model uses a working definition of a porphyry copper deposit.
Porphyry aucumo although porphyry aucumo deposits display considerable variation, some broad generalisations are possible. Predating or associated with those fluids are vertical dikes of porphyritic intrusive rocks from which this deposit type derives its name. Why large porphyry cu deposits like high sry magmas. Lithocaps are potentially voluminous zones of advanced argillic and associated argillic alteration located above the subvolcanic intrusive environment. Tectonic environments of south american porphyry copper.
The present distribution of the spatially and temporally related plutonicvolcanic rocks of the coxheath belt. Goldsilver mineralization in porphyryepithermal systems. Porphyry copper molybdenumgold deposits and prospects of the baimka trend are spatially related to monzonitic rocks of the early cretaceous egdygkych complex. In order to preserve mesozoic, paleozoic, and older porphyry copper systems, burial.
Porphyry and epithermal systems geological processes. Porphyry and epithermal systems sciencedriven exploration. Mineralogical, fluid inclusion, and geochemical studies of precious metal mineralization within the baimka trend in the western chukchi peninsula have been preformed. Read the late paleozoic porphyryepithermal spectrum of the birgildatomino ore cluster in the south urals, russia, journal of asian earth sciences on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Ali javad porphyry intrusion has shoshonitic nature and shows characteristics of volcanic arc granitoids that it is have been emplaced in a postcollision tectonic setting. Sillitoe 27 west hill park, highgate village, london n6 6nd, england abstract porphyry cu systems host some of the most widely distributed mineralization types at convergent plate boundaries, including porphyry deposits centered on intrusions. A porphyry deposit is a semiclosed system that usually formed at depths of. The copper flat mineralization is predominantly hosted by a breccia pipe that occurs within the copper flat quartz monzonite porphyry. Triggers for the formation of porphyry ore deposits in magmatic arcs. Sepm society for sedimentary geology short course manual, v. A location far from the trench edge appears positively correlated with increased porphyry magmatism. Table of contents pdf society of economic geologists. Porphyry copper deposits pcds, the worlds primary source of cu, mo, and au, are formed by transport and precipitation of metals from hightemperature fluids sillitoe, 2010. General setting of porphyry copper and associated deposit types modified from sillitoe and bonham, 1990.
Mineral deposits, continental drift, and plate tectonics. As described by noted porphyry expert richard sillitoe in his synopsis paper titled porphyry copper systems 20103. Porphyry copper deposits result from the complex interactions and feedbacks of many processes. Plate tectonic model for origin of porphyry copper deposits r. Why no porphyry copper deposits in japan and south korea. Nonetheless, we would like to emphasize that not all porphyry systems have an apparent association with high sry magmas and that alternative interpretations, differing more or less significantly from our, have been proposed for the association of porphyry type deposits with high sry magmas 3,7,9,10,21.
Josemaria is a porphyry coppergold deposit located 4,400 to 4,800 m above sea level in the. Request pdf porphyry copper systems porphyry cu systems host some. Porphyry cu systems host some of the most widely distributed mineralization types at convergent plate boundaries, including porphyry deposits centered on intrusions. What the best geophysical survey method for exploring and discovering a porphyry copper deposit. Pdf porphyry copper systems introduction miguel peral. Characteristics and controls of the largest porphyry. Porphyry copper systems 39 0361 012898000000 00 600 39 2000 gold rich porphyry from geology 1 at university of texas. Porphyry copper deposits are copper orebodies that are formed from hydrothermal fluids that originate from a voluminous magma chamber several kilometers below the deposit itself. The sombrero butte breccia pipe system is located at the southern end of the copper creek bunker hill mining district in the laramide porphyry copper province of southwestern north america titley, 1982. Geology and genesis of major copper deposits and districts of the world. At summitville, no free gold was observed in ore samples containing a wholerock au. Supergene enrichment how natural processes have transformed lowgrade copper mineralization into economic ores by david f.
They found gold in quartz veins, attached to sulfide grains, and as free gold. Porphyry type mineralization developed in ali javad quartz monzonitic porphyry stock and eocene pyroclastic and volcanic country rocks. Highgrade copper identified at rasuhuilca project, peru. Porphyry copper gold, skarn copper gold, sedimenthosted carlinstyle gold, breccia pipe, lowsulphidation epithermal gold, plutonrelated mesothermal or orogenic gold vein and volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits associated with alkaline rocks are commonly broadly similar to those hosted by their calcalkaline counterparts. Anatomy of porphyryrelated mineralised aucuagmo systems. Epithermal gold and silver deposits are typically hosted by volcanic rocks. Ip survey can used for the sulfide mapping not for porphyry copper. Porphyry copper deposit model, chapter b of mineral deposit. Despite showing favorable geology, there are no known porphyry. Owing to the complexity, a succinct definition that includes the essential attributes of this deposit class is elusive. Spatial and temporal transitions within porphyry copper sys.
Some metallogenic features of gold and copper deposits. Read the jebel ohier deposita newly discovered porphyry copper gold system in the neoproterozoic arabiannubian shield, red sea hills, ne sudan, mineralium deposita on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at. Porphyry and epithermal systems sciencedriven exploration successes 1 porphyry and epithermal systems sciencedriven exploration successes. The radiometric survey its important to discover the alteration k u t. Largescale sodiccalcic alteration around porphyry copper. Garson relation of metal provinces in western america to subduction of oceanic lithosphere r. In contrast, most phreatomagmatic breccias, constituting maardiatreme systems, are poorly mineralized at both the porphyry cu and lithocap levels, mainly because many of them formed late in the evolution of systems. In general, the fluids are exsolved from an underlying magma chamber at depth of 515 km hedenquist and lowenstern, 1994, richards, 2011, richards, 20. Largescale sodiccalcic alteration around porphyry copper systems. Society of economic geologists this article is available from multiple sources. The formation of porphyry copper deposits institute of geochemistry.